So all of this started AFTER you had the rear driveshaft serviced?
Using a prybar, make sure the U joint doesn't move, also, does the U joint move somewhat freely? It shouldn't be hard to move when driveshaft is out of vehicle. Not flopping like a wet noodle, but pretty loose, if the U joint is tight, that could be your issue.
Also, the transfer case does not like an unbalanced driveshaft. Be sure to note with the shop that this happened after your drove it.
I'm starting to lean on a binding U joint without seeing it or driving it.
Edit to add: Hopefully the severely unbalanced driveshaft didn't damage the transfer case, which is why you need to contact the shop..in writing might help via email.