you can buy a infrared thermometer, harbor freight has them starting at around $30-35, then you can check the cat temps, if you have a scanner that can read live data you can see what it is reporting for the cat temps also
@swathdiver may have more info on the temps, I was getting pretty crappy mileage without any other explanation and had been checking my temps they were high but still within spec and about the time I started checking & monitoring them sure enough I got a cat code so I just replaced them, that was almost 2 years ago and the price of cat's has now doubled (probably corona related) so cross your fingers that's not it, right after the cats were replaced I gained 2mpg back. As far as transmission I could feel mine I was getting "shudder" at first at low speed around 30-35 mph, then it started doing it more and more often and at higher speeds and if I accelerated very quickly (pedal to floor) then I would get a 1-2 shift flare, but you may experience something totally different there are a lot of moving parts inside a transmission. I just had mine rebuilt recently and I have gained 2+mpg back as well. If your transmission is questionable it might be a good idea to swing by a (reputable) transmission shop and maybe have them test drive it or just tell them what is happening and see what they say.
how many miles are on you truck?
if you are at or over 100k the 02 sensors should be replaced (100k is the recommended interval)
have the plugs & wires been done? it may not have a big impact but they should also be done at or before 100k
air filter, clean the maf and throttle body that may help not necessarily for mpg but it can make a difference in general and with shifting because the maf reads the air and then everything else reacts accordingly.